Graph Database

Data Storage and Sources

What is Graph Database

A graph database is a database optimized for storing and querying highly connected data represented as nodes (vertices) and relationships (edges). Data is modeled as a network graph with entities as nodes linked by relationships enabling traversal queries.

Unlike relational databases, graph databases efficiently store complex hierarchical and networked data while still allowing schema flexibility. Popular graph database implementations include Neo4j, Amazon Neptune, and Microsoft Cosmos DB.

What does it do/how does it work?

A graph database represents data as nodes connected by edges. Nodes store entities while edges represent relationships between entities. APIs allow storing nodes/edges and traversing graph structures using graph algorithms like shortest path finding, community detection etc.

Graph databases use index-free adjacency to efficiently traverse networks by directly following links between nodes. Their native graph storage and processing avoids complex expensive joins.

Why is it important? Where is it used?

Graph databases excel at fast traversal operations across complex connections, which is very different from traditional databases. Use cases include social networking, knowledge graphs, fraud detection, master data management, network analytics, recommendation engines.

By directly modeling entity relationships as graphs, they underpin applications like social networks, knowledge management, drug discovery, network security that rely on analyzing connections and graph theory. Graph databases are often used together with vector databases and document stores for knowledge graph applications.

FAQ

How are graph databases different from other NoSQL databases?

Unlike other NoSQL stores, graph databases natively represent data as nodes connected by edges instead of tables, documents or key-values. This allows efficiently traversing and analyzing relationships between entities.

  • Data structures designed for optimal graph storage and queries.
  • Built-in, optimized graph algorithms and traversal operations.
  • Graph-based data modeling, querying and visualization.
  • When should you use a graph database?

    Graph databases excel at managing highly connected data and are ideal for:

  • Storing networks and hierarchies like social graphs, transport maps.
  • Finding patterns and relationships in connected data.
  • Building recommendation algorithms.
  • Traversing nested data efficiently.
  • What are key challenges with graph databases?

    However, graph databases also pose their own complexities around scale, algorithms, and querying.

  • Complexity of graph theory concepts like shortest path, centrality.
  • Choosing optimal graph layouts and indexing strategies.
  • Scaling graph traversals and algorithms across distributed graphs.
  • Integrating graph querying languages with existing systems.
  • Lack of industry-wide standardization.
  • What are some popular graph database tools and vendors?

  • Neo4j
  • Amazon Neptune
  • Microsoft Cosmos DB
  • TigerGraph
  • ArangoDB
  • OrientDB
  • References

  • [Article, PDF] Freebase: a collaboratively created graph database for structuring human knowledge
  • [Book] Graph Databases, 2nd Edition, O'Reilly Media, Inc.
  • [Book] A Deep Dive into NoSQL Databases: The Use Cases and Applications
  • [List, Ranking] DB-Engines Ranking of Graph DBMS
  • [Post] Graph databases, Why are they important
  • [Post] What the heck is a “graph database”?
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